A Blockchain-Based Accident Forensics System for Smart Connected Vehicles

A Blockchain-Based Accident Forensics System for Smart Connected Vehicles

연구 분야: Safety

학회: BIOTC '24: Proceedings of the 2024 6th Blockchain and Internet of Things Conference

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can greatly enhance transportation efficiency and safety. However, in the event of a traffic accident, the cause of the accident is more complex due to the mutual interaction and intelligent decision-making between vehicles and road infrastructure. The subject of accident responsibility is no longer limited to the driver only, the relevant stakeholders may tamper with the evidence to avoid responsibility, and the traditional centralized data depository system is often difficult to prove their own innocence. Therefore, we propose a blockchain-based accident forensics system for smart connected vehicles underlying the V2X with Secure Credential Management System (SCMS). The system realizes a comprehensive restoration of the whole process of the accident by collecting all relevant V2X messages within the spatial and temporal scope of the accident, and protects the privacy of the identity of the forensic vehicles by utilizing the linkage value of the SCMS and the internal security pseudonym certificate mechanism. To reduce the on-chain data processing overhead, we propose a storage and query scheme for on-chain data in collaboration with the cloud, and design an efficient on-chain data structure based on the blockchain gateway. In addition, based on Bloom filters, we build a fast evidence retrieval mechanism from massive V2X messages that combines off-chain preprocessing and on-chain queries. Finally, we develop a prototype system for performance evaluation and verify the efficiency of the proposed method for incident message retrieval under large-scale full-volume V2X messages.